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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Juan Manuel Racosta1, Kurt Kimpinski1, Sarah Anne Morrow1

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.

Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
|June 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic dysfunction significantly impacts multiple sclerosis patients, with new evidence pointing beyond central nervous system lesions. This review explores the signs, symptoms, and causes of autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, including immune system interactions.

Keywords:
Autonomic dysfunctionDiagnosisMultiple sclerosisPathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is a common and disabling condition in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Traditionally attributed to central nervous system lesions affecting autonomic regulation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests additional contributing factors and highlights the interplay between the autonomic and immune systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in MS.
  • To explore the potential causes of autonomic dysfunction in MS.
  • To discuss the implications of autonomic dysfunction in the context of MS pathogenesis and immune interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
  • Analysis of clinical signs and symptoms.
  • Evaluation of proposed etiological factors, including central nervous system lesions and immune system involvement.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of prevalent autonomic symptoms in MS patients.
  • Discussion of lesion locations and their correlation with specific autonomic deficits.
  • Exploration of the role of neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation in autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction in MS is multifactorial, involving both central lesions and immune-mediated processes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing MS-related disability.
  • Further research into the autonomic-immune axis in MS is warranted.