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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

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Published on: August 1, 2019

Pills on the World Wide Web: reducing barriers through technology.

Lori M Gawron¹, David K Turok¹

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

|June 15, 2015

Summary

Oral contraceptive pills are safe and effective. New online ventures aim to improve access for US women by allowing them to obtain these contraceptives without a prescription, bypassing traditional healthcare models.

Keywords:

contraception contraceptive access electronic applications

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Public Health Policy
Telemedicine

Background:

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are a safe and effective method of birth control.
Despite recommendations, OCPs require a prescription in the United States.
Barriers to prescription access limit contraceptive use for many women.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the emergence of online platforms for obtaining oral contraceptives.
To advocate for the adoption of innovative healthcare models for contraceptive access.
To highlight the potential of over-the-counter access to improve reproductive health outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of current online ventures providing OCPs.
Analysis of the impact of internet-based services on healthcare accessibility.
Discussion of policy implications for contraceptive access.

Main Results:

Several online initiatives are emerging to facilitate OCP acquisition without a traditional medical visit.
These models leverage internet technology to streamline access to reproductive health services.
The trend indicates a shift towards more accessible and patient-centered contraceptive care.

Conclusions:

Novel online approaches can significantly enhance contraceptive access for US women.
Healthcare professionals should embrace these innovative models to support patient needs.
Adapting to new healthcare delivery systems is crucial for advancing reproductive health care.