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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Oncolytic Viral Therapy Using Reovirus.

Chandini Thirukkumaran1, Don G Morris

  • 1Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Oncolytic viruses, like reovirus, offer a promising cancer therapy by targeting tumor cells with minimal toxicity. Clinical trials show reovirus efficacy, making it an attractive option for further cancer treatment research.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Current cancer treatments face limitations due to resistance and toxicity.
  • Oncolytic viruses selectively target and replicate within tumor cells, exploiting aberrant signaling pathways.
  • Reovirus, a naturally occurring double-stranded RNA virus, demonstrates anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore immunologic cell death induction with reovirus as a novel cancer therapy.
  • To review reovirus's efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical settings.
  • To highlight reovirus's potential as an anticancer therapeutic.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating reovirus's ability to infect and lyse tumor cells.
  • Examining synergistic antitumor effects of reovirus in combination with chemotherapy or radiation.

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Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
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  • Focusing on immune potentiation of reovirus for enhanced tumor targeting.

    • Main Results:

    • Reovirus demonstrates preclinical efficacy and low toxicity in humans.
    • Phase I clinical trials indicate reovirus's potential efficacy.
    • Ongoing Phase II/III trials are evaluating reovirus's effectiveness.

    Conclusions:

    • Reovirus is a promising oncolytic virus with broad anticancer activity.
    • Reovirus's ability to induce immunologic cell death presents a novel therapeutic approach.
    • Reovirus's favorable safety profile supports its continued clinical investigation for cancer treatment.