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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Implementation of a Student Pharmacist-Run Targeted Medication Intervention Program.

Karleen T Melody1, Chintan J Shah1, Jaydip Patel1

  • 11 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at the University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|June 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Student pharmacists effectively managed targeted medication interventions (TMIs) in community pharmacies, demonstrating a novel model for enhanced patient care and significant healthcare cost avoidance.

Keywords:
community pharmacymedication therapy managementreimbursement for servicesstudent pharmacisttargeted medication intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Health Economics
  • Medication Therapy Management

Background:

  • Community pharmacies play a crucial role in patient medication management.
  • Targeted Medication Interventions (TMIs) offer opportunities for cost savings and improved health outcomes.
  • Integrating student pharmacists into medication management services can enhance pharmacy operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact and feasibility of a student pharmacist-led Targeted Medication Intervention (TMI) program.
  • To evaluate the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of student pharmacists performing TMIs.
  • To establish an innovative model for TMI completion in community pharmacy settings.

Main Methods:

  • Third-year professional student pharmacists executed TMIs across five independent pharmacies under direct pharmacist supervision.
  • Data on TMI completion, outcomes, and estimated cost avoidance (ECA) were collected via a medication therapy management (MTM) platform.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to analyze TMI data, with time spent calculated based on task estimations.

Main Results:

  • Of 156 billed TMIs, 42 (26.9%) were accepted, with higher acceptance rates when reaching prescribers (20%) or patients (71%).
  • Student pharmacists dedicated 25.2 hours to TMIs, generating $1058 in revenue ($38.90/h).
  • Successfully completed TMIs resulted in an estimated healthcare system savings of approximately $121,000.

Conclusions:

  • A student pharmacist-run TMI program presents a viable and innovative model for community pharmacies.
  • This approach effectively utilizes student pharmacists to improve medication management and achieve cost avoidance.
  • The study highlights the potential for student pharmacists to contribute significantly to healthcare system savings under supervision.