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Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Massively Parallel Reporter Assays in Cultured Mammalian Cells
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Decoding enhancers using massively parallel reporter assays.

Fumitaka Inoue1, Nadav Ahituv1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Genomics
|June 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) enable scientists to test thousands of DNA sequences for enhancer activity. This technology helps understand how genetic variations in enhancers affect gene expression and human disease.

Keywords:
EnhancerMassively parallel reporter assaysTranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Enhancers regulate gene expression timing, location, and levels.
  • Nucleotide variations in enhancers are linked to various phenotypes and human diseases.
  • Current genomic technologies detect enhancer sequences and variations but lack functional insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs) as a technology.
  • To highlight the application of MPRAs in understanding enhancer function.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of nucleotide variants in enhancers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs).
  • Testing thousands of DNA sequences and their nucleotide variants for enhancer activity simultaneously.
  • Analyzing enhancer regulatory code and grammar through large-scale variant testing.

Main Results:

  • MPRAs provide a high-throughput method to assess enhancer activity.
  • The technology allows for the functional characterization of numerous enhancer sequences and variants.
  • MPRAs facilitate a deeper understanding of the regulatory elements governing gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • MPRAs are a powerful tool for dissecting enhancer function and regulatory mechanisms.
  • This technology addresses the knowledge gap regarding the functional impact of enhancer variations.
  • Understanding enhancer regulatory code is crucial for interpreting genetic variation and disease association.