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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
Published on: June 2, 2015
Remote ischemic preconditioning with a specialized protocol activates the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system and
Shino Oikawa1, Asuka Mano1, Rina Takahashi1
1Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) renders the targeted organ resistant to prolonged ischemic insults, leading to organoprotection. Among several means to achieve IPC, we reported that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) activates the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system (NNCCS) to accelerate de novo ACh synthesis in cardiomyocytes. In the current study, we aimed to optimize a specific protocol to most efficiently activate NNCCS using RIPC. In this study, we elucidated that the protocol with 3 min of ischemia repeated three times increased cardiac ChAT expression (139.2 ± 0.4%; P < 0.05) as well as ACh (14.2 ± 2.0× 10(-8) M; P< 0.05) and ATP content (2.13 ± 0.19 μmol/g tissue; P < 0.05) in the heart. Moreover, in the specific protocol, several characteristic responses against energy starvation and for obtaining adequate energy were observed; therefore, it is suggested that RIPC evokes a robust response by the heart to activate NNCCS through the modification of energy metabolism.
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