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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

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A microRNA code for prostate cancer metastasis.

D Bonci1,2, V Coppola1, M Patrizii1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Oncogene
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loss of miR-15/miR-16 and gain of miR-21 promote prostate cancer bone metastasis by activating TGF-β and Hedgehog pathways. This microRNA circuitry drives bone lesions and osteolysis, offering new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer bone metastasis is a significant clinical challenge.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving prostate cancer bone homing and destruction are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of specific microRNAs in prostate cancer bone metastasis.
  • To identify molecular pathways mediating prostate cancer bone colonization and osteolysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microRNA expression profiles in prostate cancer.
  • Investigating the functional impact of microRNA alterations on cancer cell behavior.
  • Assessing the activation of TGF-β and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
  • Validation in patient cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Loss of miR-15 and miR-16 combined with increased miR-21 expression promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis.
  • This microRNA signature activates TGF-β and Hedgehog signaling.
  • Aberrant signaling mediates local invasion, bone marrow colonization, and osteolysis.

Conclusions:

  • A novel molecular circuitry involving miR-15/miR-16 and miR-21 regulates prostate cancer bone metastasis.
  • The identified pathways and biomarkers offer potential therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer patients.