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Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows poor discrimination against foreign pheromones. Experimental evolution created yeast with improved mate discrimination, revealing a fitness tradeoff that may explain natural limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Species reproductive isolation relies on mate recognition signals like pheromones.
  • Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits limited discrimination against pheromones from divergent species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if effective discrimination against foreign pheromones is evolutionarily achievable.
  • To understand the genetic basis and fitness consequences of evolving pheromone receptor specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone receptors under selection against foreign pheromones.
  • High-throughput sequencing of evolved receptors to identify mutations.
  • Functional analysis of individual and combined mutations on mating efficiency and discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Evolved receptors achieved high discrimination against divergent pheromones while maintaining efficient mating with native pheromones.
  • Multiple mutations altering amino acid sequences were identified in evolved receptors.
  • Individual mutations improving discrimination often reduced mating efficiency, creating a fitness tradeoff.

Conclusions:

  • Effective discrimination against foreign pheromones is evolutionarily possible in yeast.
  • A tradeoff exists between discrimination and mating efficiency, potentially explaining poor natural discrimination.
  • Sequential mutations may lead to suboptimal phenotypes due to fitness landscape constraints.