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Related Concept Videos

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Assessment of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells MSCs
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Mesenchymal stem cells and adaptive immune responses.

Wei Cao1, Kai Cao1, Jianchang Cao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.

Immunology Letters
|June 16, 2015
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate adaptive immunity, offering promise for inflammatory diseases. Their immunosuppressive function, influenced by T cells and cytokines, can be modulated for therapeutic benefit.

Keywords:
Adaptive immune responsesImmunoregulationMesenchymal stem cellsPlasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show significant potential in treating inflammatory diseases.
  • Research has expanded on MSCs' regulatory effects on T cell-mediated immunity.
  • MSCs modulate T cell activation, proliferation, survival, and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of MSCs on the adaptive immune system.
  • To explore the bidirectional interactions between MSCs and T cells.
  • To understand how MSCs tune the immune microenvironment for tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of MSC-T cell interaction.
  • Examination of cytokine-mediated licensing and reversal of MSC immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • MSC immunosuppressive function is licensed by T cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α, amplified by IL-17.
  • MSC immunosuppression can be reversed under specific conditions, such as low inflammatory cytokine levels.
  • MSCs bidirectionally interact with the immune system to modulate the microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MSC-T cell interactions is crucial for their clinical application.
  • MSCs play a key role in immune regulation and tissue repair.
  • Further research into MSC immunomodulation will guide therapeutic strategies.