Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sperm Transport01:15

Sperm Transport

5.1K
The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
5.1K
Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

14.9K
During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
14.9K
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

124.8K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
124.8K
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

11.1K
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
11.1K
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

94.0K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
94.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Uterine proteomic and cytokine profiling show that Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus induces immune-metabolic dysregulation and may predispose mares to endometrosis.

Animal reproduction science·2025
Same author

Bacterial endometritis-induced changes in the endometrial proteome in mares: Potential uterine biomarker for bacterial endometritis.

Theriogenology·2024
Same author

Evaluation of testicular echotexture with Ecotext as a diagnostic method of testicular dysfunction in stallions.

Theriogenology·2022
Same author

Metformin inhibits human spermatozoa motility and signalling pathways mediated by protein kinase A and tyrosine phosphorylation without affecting mitochondrial function.

Reproduction, fertility, and development·2018
Same author

How does the microbial load affect the quality of equine cool-stored semen?

Theriogenology·2018
Same author

Metformin blocks mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibits sperm motility in fresh and refrigerated boar spermatozoa.

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene·2018
Same journal

Interaction of ARA54 with androgen receptor in mediating testosterone-dependent regulation of caput epididymal GPX5 expression in mice.

Theriogenology·2026
Same journal

Associations of sow characteristics, boar semen traits, and seminal plasma metabolomics with fertility outcomes following artificial insemination.

Theriogenology·2026
Same journal

Association of 17β-HSD3 with steroidogenesis-related gene expression and primordial germ cell development in ducks.

Theriogenology·2026
Same journal

Farrerol improves the maturation quality of porcine oocytes derived from small follicles associated with RAD51-related DNA repair responses.

Theriogenology·2026
Same journal

Environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures disrupt ovarian endocrine function in the domestic hen (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Theriogenology·2026
Same journal

Sirtuin 3 alleviates ovarian granulosa cell senescence through regulating mitochondrial quality control.

Theriogenology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells
09:47

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells

Published on: February 14, 2021

3.1K

New insights into transduction pathways that regulate boar sperm function.

A Hurtado de Llera1, D Martin-Hidalgo1, M C Gil1

  • 1Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.

Theriogenology
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is crucial for boar sperm function, regulating motility and viability. Stressful conditions activate AMPK, essential for fertilization and sperm preservation in artificial insemination.

Keywords:
AMP-activated protein kinaseGlycogen synthase kinase 3Signaling pathwaySperm functionSrc family kinase

More Related Videos

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa
09:30

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

13.6K
Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm
07:38

Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm

Published on: June 16, 2010

17.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells
09:47

Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells

Published on: February 14, 2021

3.1K
Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa
09:30

Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa

Published on: December 30, 2014

13.6K
Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm
07:38

Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm

Published on: June 16, 2010

17.7K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Sperm Physiology

Background:

  • Previous reviews detailed Ser/Thr and tyrosine phosphorylation in boar sperm.
  • Recent discoveries (<10 years) highlight novel kinase pathways regulating sperm function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently identified kinase pathways (<10 years) in boar spermatozoa.
  • To focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a key regulator of boar sperm function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature (<10 years) on kinase pathways in boar spermatozoa.
  • Identification of upstream regulators and signaling pathways for AMPK activation.

Main Results:

  • AMPK, identified in 2012, is essential for boar sperm function, including motility, viability, and membrane integrity.
  • Cell stress conditions (osmotic, mitochondrial inhibition, Ca(2+) absence) activate AMPK.
  • AMPK plays a vital role in sperm preservation for artificial insemination, with peak activity on Day 7 at 17 °C.

Conclusions:

  • AMPK is a critical regulator of boar sperm function, essential for fertilization and sperm preservation.
  • Understanding AMPK pathways offers potential applications in artificial insemination techniques.
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3 and Src family kinase pathways also regulate sperm function.