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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Radiological appearances in olfactory dysfunction: pictorial review.

J M Hall1, J Powell2, M R Elbadawey2

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology,Royal Victoria Infirmary,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|June 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction, or loss of smell, can be common. This review covers the anatomy of smell and how imaging can reveal causes of smell loss.

Keywords:
Diagnostic ImagingOlfaction DisordersOlfactory Pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a frequent condition impacting quality of life.
  • Identifying the underlying cause of smell dysfunction often necessitates medical imaging.
  • Understanding the olfactory system is crucial for diagnosing smell disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the normal anatomy of the human olfactory system.
  • To illustrate pathological conditions of the olfactory system that can be diagnosed with imaging.
  • To provide a guide for clinicians investigating olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical and pathological studies related to olfaction.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in various olfactory dysfunction cases.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on olfactory neuroanatomy and pathology.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of olfactory bulb, tract, and central olfactory pathways anatomy.
  • Illustration of common pathologies like sinonasal disease, tumors, and neurodegenerative changes affecting olfaction.
  • Correlation of specific imaging findings with clinical presentations of olfactory loss.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate anatomical knowledge is essential for interpreting olfactory imaging.
  • Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing structural and pathological causes of olfactory dysfunction.
  • This review serves as a reference for the integrated approach to olfactory dysfunction.