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Understanding Guillain-Barré syndrome
Robert Estridge1, Mariana Iskander
1Robert Estridge practices at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Mariana Iskander is a hospitalist in the Neurological Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapidly progressive peripheral neuropathy that most commonly presents with ascending symmetrical weakness and diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. Because weakness may affect the diaphragm and cause respiratory distress, 10% to 30% of patients require mechanical ventilation. Symptoms progress and peak about 4 weeks after onset. Patients generally require hospitalization for respiratory and cardiac monitoring, as well as supportive care and treatment. The treatments of choice are IV immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis. Even after treatment, as many as 20% of patients have persistent neurologic symptoms, and up to 3% of patients die of autonomic issues.
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