[Is there a need to treat atrial fibrillation aggressively?]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia in human. Earlier studies comparing strategy of rhythm control versus rate control did not show any difference in outcomes. This resulted in conservative approach when managing less symptomatic AF. This situation is changing in last years. One of the reasons is emerging data on higher risk of AF for human health, especially on consequences of asymptomatic brain embolisations and AF-related brain hypoperfusion. These may explain association of AF with dementia. The other reason reflects more encouraging results of catheter ablation of AF. These factors provide new insight into indications for interventional therapy of this arrhythmia. In the same time, they justify efforts for maintenance of sinus rhythm, even at the expense of repeated intervention or combined therapy with previously ineffective drugs.