Update on Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Published on: January 10, 2025
Kevin Matthew Yen Bing Leung1, Khalid Alrabeeah, Serge Carrier
1McGill University, 9D-1210 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A0A2, Canada, Kevin.Leung@mail.mcgill.ca.
Abstract:
Late-onset male hypogonadism has long been recognized as a treatable medical condition; however, misconceptions about the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) have often led urologists away from its more mainstream use. This paper aims to bring the reader up-to-date on the current understanding of TRT, starting with when and who to treat. Various formulations of TRT, each with its own risks and benefits, are also detailed. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the current literature's views into the various controversies of TRT including its impact on prostate health, sexual health, cardiovascular health, frailty, and mood is discussed.
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