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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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Streptococcus salivarius K12 Limits Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization.

Kathryn A Patras1, Philip A Wescombe2, Berenice Rösler1

  • 1Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.

Infection and Immunity
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Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 effectively controls Group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaginal colonization in a mouse model. This finding suggests K12 may offer a novel preventative therapy against GBS transmission to newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Probiotics

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe neonatal infections following rectovaginal colonization in pregnant women.
  • Current GBS screening and antibiotic prophylaxis methods are insufficient for complete prevention of neonatal transmission.
  • Streptococcus salivarius, a common oral bacterium, is explored for its potential to inhibit GBS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 in controlling Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization.
  • To assess the potential of S. salivarius K12 as a preventative therapy against GBS vaginal colonization and neonatal transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Deferred-antagonism tests were used to compare antibacterial activities of S. salivarius strains against GBS.
  • Coculture experiments and in vitro adhesion/invasion assays assessed K12's interaction with human vaginal epithelial cells.
  • A mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization was employed to evaluate K12's inhibitory activity in vivo.

Main Results:

  • S. salivarius K12 demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition against various GBS strains, including clinical isolates.
  • Inhibition by K12 was partially dependent on its megaplasmid encoding bacteriocins, but also occurred independently.
  • K12 adhered to and invaded vaginal epithelial cells similarly to GBS, and significantly reduced GBS colonization in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • S. salivarius K12 exhibits significant potential for controlling GBS vaginal colonization.
  • K12 may serve as a novel preventative strategy to reduce GBS transmission to neonates during pregnancy.
  • Further research into K12-based therapies could improve neonatal outcomes by mitigating GBS infections.