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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Arteriovenous malformation embocure score: AVMES.

Demetrius K Lopes¹, Roham Moftakhar¹, David Straus¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery

|June 17, 2015

Summary

The AVM embocure score (AVMES) effectively predicts complete obliteration and complication risk for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (CAVM) endovascular embolization. Higher scores correlate with lower obliteration rates and increased morbidity.

Keywords:

Arteriovenous Malformation Embolic

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Interventional Radiology
Vascular Neurology

Background:

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVMs) have established grading scales for microsurgery and radiosurgery.
A specific grading system for endovascular treatment risk assessment was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the AVM embocure score (AVMES) for assessing curative endovascular embolization risk in CAVMs.
To evaluate the score's predictability of complete angiographic embolization and complication risk.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 39 patients with CAVM treated with Onyx embolization (2005-2011).
Developed AVMES based on arterial pedicles, draining veins, nidus size, and vascular eloquence.
Applied AVMES to the cohort and analyzed its predictive accuracy for obliteration and complications.

Main Results:

AVMES of 3 showed 100% obliteration with 0% major complications.
AVMES >5 demonstrated 20% obliteration with 30% major morbidity.
Receiver-operator curve analysis confirmed robust discriminative ability (AUC > 0.75 for key outcomes).

Conclusions:

The AVMES provides a valuable tool for risk assessment in endovascular CAVM treatment.
It complements existing grading systems for microsurgery and radiosurgery.
The score incorporates key angioarchitectural features relevant to endovascular embolization outcomes.