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Mutations01:35

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Ionizing Radiation Impairs T Cell Activation by Affecting Metabolic Reprogramming.

Heng-Hong Li1, Yi-Wen Wang2, Renxiang Chen1

  • 11. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA ; 2. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
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PubMed
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Ionizing radiation exposure impairs T cell activation by disrupting key metabolic processes. This finding reveals new therapeutic targets for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, even at low doses.

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TCR activationUPLC-QTOFionizing radiationmass spectrometrymetabolic reprogrammingmetabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics
  • Radiation Biology

Background:

  • Ionizing radiation causes known immune system damage.
  • Functional changes in surviving immune cells post-radiation are poorly understood.
  • T cell receptor activation and metabolism are critical for immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on T cell function.
  • To identify metabolic alterations in T cells following radiation exposure.
  • To explore the impact on T cell receptor activation pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a global metabolomics profiling approach.
  • Isolated and analyzed activated T cells from irradiated animal models.
  • Examined changes in glucose uptake, glycolysis, and energy metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Ionizing radiation significantly impairs metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation.
  • Demonstrated decreased efficiency in essential metabolic pathways like glycolysis.
  • Observed functional deficits in T cell activation even at low doses (10 cGy).

Conclusions:

  • Ionizing radiation disrupts T cell metabolic function, impacting immune homeostasis.
  • Metabolic reprogramming alterations present novel therapeutic targets for combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
  • Findings have implications for understanding low-dose environmental radiation exposures.