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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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PAX8 expression in ovarian surface epithelial cells.

Emily Adler1, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia2, Simon A Gayther1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033.

Human Pathology
|June 17, 2015
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Summary

PAX8 is frequently found in ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSECs), suggesting these cells may be an origin for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). PAX8 expression in OSECs appears to be a normal state and not directly transformative.

Keywords:
CMYCFallopian tube epithelial cellsHigh-grade serous ovarian carcinomaInclusion cystOvarian surface epitheliumPAX8

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) often presents at late stages with poor outcomes.
  • Identifying early disease mechanisms is crucial for developing diagnostic biomarkers.
  • While fallopian tube cells are implicated, ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSECs) are also considered a potential origin for HGSOC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To thoroughly examine PAX8 expression in OSECs.
  • To investigate the role of PAX8 in the initial development of HGSOC.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent cytochemistry to analyze PAX8 protein in OSECs from normal ovaries and primary cultures.
  • Quantification of PAX8 messenger RNA in OSEC cultures.
  • Assessment of cellular transformation in OSECs engineered to express PAX8.

Main Results:

  • PAX8 was expressed in 44% to 71% of OSECs, often coexpressed with calretinin and E-cadherin.
  • PAX8 expression reduced OSEC cellular migration but did not induce other transformations.
  • PAX8 levels significantly increased during in vitro neoplastic transformation of OSECs.

Conclusions:

  • PAX8 is commonly expressed in OSECs, potentially representing a normal cellular state.
  • Endogenous PAX8 levels in OSECs are not inherently transforming.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that OSECs may serve as a cellular origin for HGSOC.