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Pollutant in palm oil production process.

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) generates significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) and pollutes waterways. Capturing biogas from POME can drastically cut GHG emissions and reduce water contamination, offering a sustainable solution for the palm oil industry.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Industrial Ecology

Background:

  • Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major byproduct of palm oil production, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water pollution.
  • Untreated POME released into water systems poses a severe threat to aquatic life and ecosystems.
  • Malaysia's palm oil mills face environmental challenges due to POME management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the environmental bottlenecks associated with palm oil production, focusing on POME.
  • To propose strategies and technologies for reducing pollution and GHG emissions from wet extraction palm oil mills.
  • To quantify the potential reductions in GHG emissions and chemical oxygen demand (COD) through various mitigation technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data collected from wet extraction palm oil mills in Malaysia.
  • Evaluation of GHG emissions per ton of crude palm oil (CPO) produced.
  • Assessment of pollution reduction strategies, including biogas capture and pond covering.
  • Measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels before and after implementing mitigation measures.

Main Results:

  • Average GHG emissions from processing 1 ton of CPO is 1100 kg CO2eq, reducible to 200 kg CO2eq by biogas capture.
  • Covering open ponds can decrease GHG emissions from 225 to 25 kg CO2eq/MT CPO.
  • Biogas capturing systems can reduce COD by 80%, and combined with stabilizing ponds, can mitigate COD by 96% (from 17,100 mg/L to 5220 mg/L).

Conclusions:

  • POME is a significant source of GHGs, accounting for over 90% of emissions in palm oil mills.
  • Biogas capture technology is highly effective in reducing both GHG emissions and COD in POME.
  • Implementing biogas recovery systems and stabilizing ponds offers a viable pathway to mitigate the environmental impact of palm oil production.