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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Schmallenberg Virus Recurrence, Germany, 2014.

Kerstin Wernike, Bernd Hoffmann, Franz J Conraths

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |June 17, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Schmallenberg virus (SBV) re-emerged in European cattle in 2014 with genetic differences. Experimental infections in sheep and cattle showed viremia lasting 4-6 days, indicating potential for transmission.

    Keywords:
    GermanySchmallenberg viruscattleexperimental infectiongeneticsorthobunyavirusphylogenyruminantsvector-borne infectionsviruses

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
    • Molecular Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Europe in 2011, causing significant outbreaks.
    • The virus appeared to decline by 2013 but resurged in cattle in 2014.
    • Understanding SBV's genetic evolution and clinical presentation is crucial for disease management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the genetic characteristics of the re-emerging Schmallenberg virus.
    • To determine the clinical course and viremia duration in experimentally infected livestock.

    Main Methods:

    • Full-genome sequencing of the 2014 SBV isolates.
    • Experimental infection of sheep and cattle with SBV.
    • Monitoring of clinical signs and detection of viremia.

    Main Results:

    • The re-emerging SBV exhibited amino acid substitutions compared to the initial 2011 strain.
    • Experimental infection led to detectable viremia in both sheep and cattle.
    • Viremia persisted for 4–6 days post-infection in experimentally inoculated animals.

    Conclusions:

    • The genetic variations in the re-emerging SBV may influence its epidemiological behavior.
    • Experimental data confirms the potential for SBV to cause viremia in cattle and sheep.
    • Continued surveillance and research are necessary to monitor SBV evolution and impact.