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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
408
Globe Protrusion and Interorbital Divergence in Syndromic Faciocraniosynostoses
Antonio Augusto Velasco E Cruz1, Denny Marcos Garcia, Patricia Mitiko Santello Akaishi
1*Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School †Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil ‡Craniofacial Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|June 17, 2015
Summary
Globe protrusion (GP) in syndromic faciocraniosynostoses strongly correlates with the interorbital angle. This relationship highlights geometric changes in the orbits of affected individuals.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial surgery
- Medical imaging
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Syndromic faciocraniosynostoses, such as Crouzon and Apert syndromes, involve premature fusion of cranial sutures.
- These conditions often lead to significant craniofacial abnormalities, including orbital deformities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the relationship between globe protrusion (GP) and specific orbital measurements.
- To analyze the correlation between GP, medial and lateral orbital wall lengths, interzygomatic distance, and interorbital angle in patients with syndromic faciocraniosynostoses.
Main Methods:
- Computed tomography (CT) scans of the orbits from 43 patients and 23 controls were analyzed.
- Key variables including globe protrusion, medial/lateral wall lengths, interzygomatic distance, and interorbital angle were measured using Image J software.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in all measured variables were observed between patients and controls.
- Globe protrusion showed a strong correlation with the interorbital angle (r = 0.81) and moderate correlation with medial wall length (r = 0.73).
- No significant correlation was found between globe protrusion and lateral orbital wall length.
Conclusions:
- Globe protrusion is highly correlated with the interorbital angle in syndromic faciocraniosynostoses.
- The increased interorbital angle is a geometric consequence of reduced orbital depth not compensated by lateral orbital rim expansion.
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