Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

1.2K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
1.2K
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

5.3K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
5.3K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

4.3K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
4.3K
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

39.4K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
39.4K
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

4.1K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
4.1K
Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

8.1K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Meis1 isoform diversity orchestrates neural progenitor differentiation by regulating ATOH1 degradation at distinct subcellular compartments.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Spatial regulation of VEGF receptor endocytosis in angiogenesis.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Differential cytotoxic effect of polybrene on distinct glioblastoma subtypes.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Glioblastoma cells utilize evolutionarily adapted cell metabolism to promote their malignant proliferation.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026
Same author

Distinct Effects of Nonselective Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil and Selective Rho-Kinase 2 Inhibitor KD025 on Serotonin and Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mice.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports·2026
Same author

Phosphoproteomics identifies Rho-kinase-associated phospho-signaling and autophagy-associated alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex of a schizophrenia-related mouse model.

Pharmacological research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons
09:54

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

5.3K

Neuronal polarization.

Tetsuya Takano1, Chundi Xu1, Yasuhiro Funahashi1

  • 1Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|June 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neuronal polarity, essential for brain function, involves distinct axons and dendrites. Recent studies reveal key signaling mechanisms for establishing this crucial cell structure both in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords:
Axon outgrowthCellular asymmetryDendrite outgrowthMultipolar to bipolar transitionNeuronal polarity

More Related Videos

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation
11:07

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: May 11, 2020

5.9K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons
09:54

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

5.3K
In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation
11:07

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: May 11, 2020

5.9K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neurons are highly polarized cells with distinct axons and dendrites, crucial for directional information flow in the central nervous system.
  • Establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity is vital for proper neural development and function.
  • Progress has been made using cultured hippocampal neurons and in vivo analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding neuronal polarity.
  • To highlight signaling mechanisms in axon and dendrite specification.
  • To cover both in vitro and in vivo findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature.
  • Analysis of in vitro studies using cultured neurons.
  • Inclusion of in vivo studies utilizing recent technological advances.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding how neurons establish polarity.
  • Identification of key signaling pathways involved in axon and dendrite specification.
  • Integration of in vitro and in vivo findings.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal polarity establishment is a complex process involving intricate signaling.
  • Advances in techniques allow for deeper investigation of polarity in different contexts.
  • Further research into signaling mechanisms will illuminate neural development and function.