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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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Bricks and blueprints: methods and standards for DNA assembly.

Arturo Casini¹, Marko Storch¹, Geoffrey S Baldwin¹

¹Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology

|June 18, 2015

Summary

New DNA assembly methods like Gibson Assembly, Golden Gate, and ligase cycling reaction (LCR) streamline gene construction. Standards such as modular cloning (MoClo) facilitate DNA part exchange and modularity for research. Keywords: DNA assembly, gene expression, modular cloning.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Synthetic Biology
Genetic Engineering

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