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Related Experiment Video

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A 3D bioprinted complex structure for engineering the muscle-tendon unit.

Tyler K Merceron1, Morgan Burt, Young-Joon Seol

  • 1Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.

Biofabrication
|June 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional integrated organ printing (IOP) fabricated a muscle-tendon unit (MTU) construct using distinct materials and cells. This advanced biofabrication achieved region-specific mechanical properties and supported cell viability for MTU engineering.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Complex musculoskeletal tissues require specialized biofabrication techniques.
  • Integrated organ printing (IOP) offers potential for creating functional tissue constructs.
  • Regional differences in cell types and mechanical properties are critical for native tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of an IOP system for fabricating a single integrated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) construct.
  • To engineer an MTU with distinct, region-specific biological and mechanical characteristics.
  • To assess cell viability and initial tissue development within the printed construct.

Main Methods:

  • Co-printing thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) with C2C12 cell-laden hydrogel for the muscle side.
  • Co-printing poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) with NIH/3T3 cell-laden hydrogel for the tendon side.
  • Characterizing the mechanical properties (elasticity and stiffness) of the resulting MTU construct and interface region.

Main Results:

  • The IOP system successfully fabricated an integrated MTU construct with distinct muscle and tendon regions.
  • The muscle side exhibited elasticity (E = 0.39 ± 0.05 MPa) and the tendon side showed stiffness (E = 46.67 ± 2.67 MPa).
  • Cell viability remained >80% at 1 and 7 days post-printing, with evidence of initial tissue development and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The IOP system is versatile for creating integrated tissue constructs with tailored biological and mechanical properties.
  • This approach enables the engineering of complex musculoskeletal tissues like MTUs.
  • The study highlights the potential of IOP for advancing regenerative medicine applications.