Mortality patterns among a Native American population in New York State

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Native American Health Studies

Background:

• Understanding health disparities in Native American populations is crucial.
• Historical mortality data can inform targeted public health interventions.
• The Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) provides a unique cohort for studying tribal health trends.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate mortality patterns and causes of death within the Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) from 1955 to 1984.
• To compare SNI mortality rates against broader New York State population data.
• To identify significant elevated or depressed risks for specific causes of death.

Main Methods:

• Utilized tribal roll books to identify deceased SNI members (n=962) between 1955-1984.
• Matched records with New York State mortality files to confirm deaths (n=796).
• Calculated Standardized Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR) comparing SNI to New York State population by sex.

Main Results:

• Significantly elevated mortality risks observed for infectious diseases, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, and accidents.
• Depressed mortality ratios noted for all cancers combined, including lung, pancreas, breast, and lymphatic/hematopoietic cancers.
• Observed changes in mortality risks over the study period.

Conclusions:

• The Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) experienced distinct mortality patterns compared to the general New York population during 1955-1984.
• Specific infectious diseases and lifestyle-related conditions posed higher risks, while cancer risks were lower.
• Findings highlight the need for tailored public health strategies for Native American communities.