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Parechovirus Genotype 3 Outbreak among Infants, New South Wales, Australia, 2013-2014

Germaine Cumming, Ameneh Khatami, Brendan J McMullan

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |June 18, 2015
    PubMed

    Insights

    Human parechovirus genotype 3 caused an outbreak in 183 Australian infants. Early alerts from a surveillance system helped reduce unnecessary hospitalizations for suspected sepsis.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Human parechovirus (HPeV) infections can cause severe illness in infants.
    • Genotype 3 (HPeV3) has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally.
    • Understanding regional outbreak characteristics is crucial for effective public health response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical features and epidemiology of an HPeV3 outbreak in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
    • To evaluate the utility of the NSW syndromic surveillance system in monitoring the outbreak.
    • To assess the impact of clinical alerts on hospitalization rates for suspected sepsis.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of HPeV3 cases in infants in NSW from October 2013 to February 2014.
    • Utilized data from the NSW near real-time emergency department and ambulance surveillance system.
    • Assessed the effect of a clinician alert on hospitalization decisions for patients with sepsis symptoms.

    Main Results:

    • 183 infants were diagnosed with HPeV3; 95% required hospitalization.
    • Common symptoms included fever (86%), irritability (80%), tachycardia (68%), and rash (62%).
    • NSW infants were older, equally affected by sex, and had higher rash frequency compared to Northern Hemisphere cases.

    Conclusions:

    • The NSW syndromic surveillance system effectively monitored the HPeV3 outbreak.
    • Clinical alerts significantly reduced unnecessary hospitalizations for suspected sepsis.
    • HPeV3 outbreaks require robust surveillance and rapid communication to clinicians for optimal management.

    Keywords:
    AustraliaNew South Waleshuman parechovirus 3infantile feverneonatal infectionpiconarviruspublic health surveillancesepsis-like syndromeskin rashviruses

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