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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Microgaps and Demineralization Progress around Composite Restorations.

A Turkistani1, S Nakashima2, Y Shimada2

  • 1Operative Dentistry Division, Conservative Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Dental Research
|June 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental adhesives and marginal sealing significantly impact demineralization. Fluoride-releasing adhesives (SP, BF) showed slower enamel lesion progression compared to others, highlighting the importance of material choice for restoration longevity.

Keywords:
adhesivescomposite resinsdemineralizationfluoride(s)imagingmicroleakage

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Caries Research

Background:

  • Marginal integrity of dental restorations is crucial for preventing secondary caries.
  • Adhesive systems play a key role in achieving a seal between the tooth and restorative material.
  • Understanding demineralization at restoration margins is essential for improving restoration longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different dental adhesives and marginal sealing on demineralization progression.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of fluoride-releasing adhesives in inhibiting demineralization.
  • To correlate initial marginal gap size with demineralization progression.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine incisors were restored with four adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Protect, Bond Force, Scotchbond Universal, G-Bond Plus) and a flowable composite.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure initial marginal gaps.
  • Specimens underwent artificial saliva incubation, thermal cycling, and a 5-week demineralization challenge.
  • Lesion progression was monitored weekly using OCT.

Main Results:

  • Adhesive type and initial gap size significantly affected demineralization in enamel and dentin.
  • Fluoride-releasing adhesives (SP, BF) demonstrated significantly slower enamel lesion progression.
  • Initial marginal gaps were positively correlated with lesion size, particularly in enamel.
  • Clearfil SE Protect, Bond Force, and Scotchbond Universal showed smaller initial gaps compared to G-Bond Plus and the control.

Conclusions:

  • Microgaps at restoration margins significantly contribute to demineralization.
  • Adhesive choice influences marginal sealing and subsequent demineralization.
  • Fluoride release from adhesives may mitigate demineralization progression, suggesting benefits for caries prevention.