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Related Concept Videos

External Female Genitals01:15

External Female Genitals

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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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The genitourinary system maintains the body's fluid balance, waste excretion, and overall homeostasis. Proper assessment is essential for early detection of disorders, with percussion and auscultation integral to this evaluation. These methods help identify signs of kidney or bladder issues and provide important diagnostic clues.Percussion for Kidney TendernessPercussion is used to assess tenderness and detect kidney and bladder abnormalities. A common method for determining kidney tenderness...
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The Normal Vulva, Vulvar Examination, and Evaluation Tools.

Bina Cohen Sacher1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|June 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Understanding the normal appearance of the vulva is crucial for diagnosing female genital conditions. This review examines vulvar anatomy, diversity, and examination techniques to address a gap in medical literature and cosmetic surgery practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Anatomy
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The appearance of female external genitalia is vital for diagnosing various conditions.
  • Normal vulvar appearance is poorly represented in medical literature.
  • Increasing vulvar cosmetic surgery necessitates a review of normal anatomy and diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review vulvar embryology and anatomy.
  • To discuss current literature on vulvar appearance and diversity.
  • To describe meticulous vulvar examination techniques and diagnostic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vulvar anatomy, embryology, and appearance.
  • Synthesis of current research on vulvar aesthetics.
  • Description of standardized vulvar examination protocols.

Main Results:

  • The concept of 'normal' vulvar appearance is diverse and not well-defined in existing resources.
  • Embryological development and anatomical variations contribute to vulvar diversity.
  • Standardized examination methods are essential for accurate assessment.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of vulvar anatomy and its diversity is essential for accurate diagnosis and patient care.
  • Further research and education are needed to address the lack of standardized information on normal vulvar appearance.
  • This review provides a foundation for understanding vulvar diversity and examination.