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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

7.3K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
7.3K
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

147
A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
147
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

51.9K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
51.9K
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

105
Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
105
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

67.4K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
67.4K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.9K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Phase Coexistence in a Dynamic Phase Diagram.

Luigi Gentile1,2, Luigi Coppola3, Sandor Balog4,5

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Rende (Italy). luigi.gentile@unical.it.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|June 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colloidal systems exhibit phase transitions under shear flow, revealing coexistence of multilamellar vesicle (MLV) and Lα phases. This finding explains unusual rheological behavior and proposes a dynamic phase diagram.

Keywords:
dynamic phase diagramlamellar phasephase coexistenceshear-induced transitionsvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Phase diagrams of colloidal systems are typically studied at equilibrium, neglecting external fields.
  • Phase transitions under mechanical deformation, particularly shear flow, are observed but not fully understood.
  • Understanding phase coexistence under shear is crucial for predicting material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate phase transitions and coexistence in colloidal systems under shear flow.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind unusual rheological behavior in surfactant systems.
  • To propose a dynamic phase diagram for colloidal systems under varying temperatures and shear.

Main Methods:

  • Flow small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to detect temperature-induced transitions (MLV-to-L3 and MLV-to-Lα).
  • Flow Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to confirm phase coexistence (Lα and MLV) at 40°C under shear.
  • (2)H NMR and diffusion flow NMR spectroscopy to analyze rheological behavior and phase coexistence.

Main Results:

  • Detection of multilamellar vesicle (MLV)-to-sponge (L3) and MLV-to-Lα transitions with increasing temperature.
  • Observation of Lα and MLV phase coexistence at 40°C under shear flow.
  • Explanation of unusual rheological behavior attributed to the coexistence of planar lamellar and MLV phases.

Conclusions:

  • Shear flow induces phase transitions and coexistence in colloidal systems.
  • The coexistence of lamellar and MLV phases explains the observed rheological anomalies.
  • A dynamic phase diagram can be established for colloidal systems under shear flow across a range of temperatures.