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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

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Human Performance in a Realistic Instrument-Control Task during Short-Term Microgravity.

Fabian Steinberg¹, Michael Kalicinski², Marc Dalecki³

¹Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

|June 18, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microgravity significantly impairs complex instrument control, reducing efficiency and slowing hand movements. This degradation in realistic tasks is not explained by typical motor or stress measures.

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Area of Science:

Human Physiology
Spaceflight Research
Cognitive Performance

Background:

Prior research indicates microgravity negatively impacts simple sensorimotor skills.
The effects on complex, real-world instrument control tasks remain less understood.
Understanding these effects is crucial for astronaut performance and mission safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess microgravity's impact on a complex, realistic instrument-control skill.
To quantify changes in control efficiency, motor performance, and physiological stress.
To determine if motor and stress indicators explain performance degradation.

Main Methods:

Twelve participants controlled a simulated power plant during parabolic flights (simulating short-term microgravity) and level flight.
Performance was measured by control efficiency (net earnings), motor performance (hand kinematics/dynamics), and stress (cortisol, mood, workload).
Data from microgravity and normal gravity conditions were compared.

Main Results:

Control efficiency significantly decreased in microgravity compared to normal gravity.
Hand velocity slowed, and cortisol levels and perceived physical strain increased under microgravity.
Other motor and stress indicators showed no significant changes; control efficiency was uncorrelated with these measures.

Conclusions:

Short-term microgravity degrades performance in complex, realistic instrument control.
The observed performance decline cannot be fully explained by the measured motor and stress indicators.
Microgravity's effect on motor performance in complex tasks differs from its effects on simpler, laboratory-based skills.