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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Conduct Disorder01:28

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Is ADHD Really Increasing in Youth?

Daniel J Safer1

  • 11 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|June 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

ADHD diagnosis rates in youth have risen over two decades, according to national surveys. However, core ADHD symptoms assessed in individuals show minimal change over the same period.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis prevalence has been a subject of increasing concern.
  • Understanding temporal trends in ADHD diagnosis is crucial for public health and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare temporal changes in ADHD diagnostic prevalence from population surveys with time-trend findings of individual ADHD features.
  • To investigate discrepancies between overall ADHD diagnosis rates and symptom stability over time.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed time-trend data on ADHD diagnostic prevalence from parent reports and physician office visits.
  • Assessed temporal changes in associated ADHD features using standardized teacher, parent, and youth surveys.
Keywords:
ADHDCBCLCDCprevalencetime-trend

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Main Results:

  • Consistent increases in ADHD diagnostic prevalence were observed across parent surveys and physician office visit data.
  • In contrast, standardized ratings of primary and associated ADHD symptoms showed relatively little change over time.

Conclusions:

  • National surveys indicate a consistent rise in ADHD diagnostic prevalence among youth over the past two decades.
  • Time-trend data for individual ADHD-related symptoms suggest relative stability, highlighting a potential divergence between diagnosis and symptom presentation.