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Neuroglial Transmission.

Vidar Gundersen1, Jon Storm-Mathisen1, Linda Hildegard Bergersen1

  • 1SN-Lab, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and CMBN/SERTA/Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Department of Oral Biology and Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Physiological Reviews
|June 19, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroglia, essential cells in the central nervous system, actively participate in nerve cell signaling by releasing gliotransmitters. This glial transmission modulates synaptic activity, influencing brain functions and neuropathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neuroglia, including astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia, are crucial for central nervous system function.
  • These glial cells, comparable in number to neurons, play an active role in nerve cell signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of neuroglial cells in brain signaling.
  • To describe the mechanisms and substances involved in glial transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of glial cell function and communication pathways.
  • Identification of gliotransmitters and their release mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Neuroglial cells release gliotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, d-serine, ATP, and l-lactate.
  • Gliotransmitter release occurs via exocytosis, carrier-mediated transport, or channel flux.
  • Neuroglial transmission complements synaptic transmission, often occurring over longer distances (volume transmission).

Conclusions:

  • Neuroglial transmission significantly modulates synaptic activity based on local conditions.
  • This glial signaling pathway impacts brain functions such as memory and contributes to neuropathologies.