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Intermittent head drops: the differential spectrum.

Elena Antelmi¹, Giuseppe Plazzi², Roberto Erro³

¹Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry

|June 19, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent Head Drops, characterized by sudden head flexion, occur in various conditions beyond epilepsy. This review details their presentation in movement, sleep, and internal medicine disorders, aiding clinical differentiation.

Keywords:

MOVEMENT DISORDERS SLEEP

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Intermittent Head Drops are episodic head flexion movements.
While often linked to epilepsy, their occurrence spans diverse medical conditions.
A comprehensive overview of these varied associations is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the wide-ranging clinical spectrum of Intermittent Head Drops.
To detail their occurrence in conditions beyond epilepsy, including movement, sleep, and internal medicine disorders.
To provide clinicians with distinguishing features and neurophysiological patterns.

Main Methods:

Systematic electronic database search for reported cases of Intermittent Head Drops.
Review and synthesis of clinical descriptions and neurophysiological findings.
Comparative analysis of Intermittent Head Drops across different disease categories.

Main Results:

Intermittent Head Drops are documented in epilepsy, movement disorders, sleep disorders, and internal medicine conditions like Sandifer syndrome.
Distinct clinical clues and neurophysiological patterns are associated with each condition.
The phenomenon is more widespread than typically recognized.

Conclusions:

Intermittent Head Drops are a significant clinical sign with a broad differential diagnosis.
Recognizing the varied etiologies is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
Further research into the underlying mechanisms across different disorders is warranted.