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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Rare emerging malignant skin tumours.

F Rongioletti, C Ferreli, A L Pinna

    Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa Italiana Di Dermatologia E Sifilografia
    |June 19, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review covers emerging rare skin tumors in dermatology and dermatopathology. It details their classification, diagnosis, and treatment for better patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Dermatopathology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Advancements in clinical skills and diagnostic techniques reveal new malignant skin tumors.
    • Rare emerging skin tumors require updated understanding of their characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the nomenclature, clinico-pathological features, and differential diagnosis of rare emerging skin tumors.
    • To discuss the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these newly described entities.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recently described rare skin tumors.
    • Analysis of clinico-pathological data for each tumor type.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed review of epithelial tumors (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma with mucinous metaplasia).

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  • Discussion of adnexal tumors (e.g., endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma).
  • Exploration of soft tissue, hematopoietic, and mixed tumors, including their specific variants.

    • Conclusions:

    • Accurate identification and classification of rare skin tumors are crucial for effective management.
    • Understanding the unique features of these emerging tumors aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.