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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Published on: January 17, 2025
Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer Treatment
Pavel Klener, Pavel Otáhal, Lucie Lateckova
1Charles University General Hospital in Prague, Dept. of Hematology, Czech Republic. pavel.klener2@vfn.cz.
Abstract:
Tumor immune surveillance paradigm presumes that most pre-malignant cells or early malignant lesions can be eliminated (or at least controlled) by cells of the immune system. A critical feature that distinguishes advanced tumors from early neoplastic lesions is their capability to evade immune control. As a consequence, vast majority of clinically evident (advanced) tumors are poorly immunogenic. The principle goal of immunotherapy is thus a resurrection of the patient's inefficient or suppressed immune system so that it would once again become capable of launching sustained cytolytic attacks against tumor cells, which would ideally result in total and permanent eradication of cancer. Such activation of patient's anticancer immunity, however, can be achieved by strikingly different ways. This current review discusses diverse innovative immunotherapy approaches, which in the last 20 years achieved miraculous successes in the ever-lasting battle against cancer, including cytokine-based immunotherapy approaches, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, cancer vaccines, and cell-based immunotherapy approaches.
Insights
Cancer immunotherapy aims to reawaken the immune system to fight tumors. This review explores innovative approaches like cytokine therapy, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and cell-based treatments that have advanced cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Tumor immune surveillance suggests the immune system can eliminate early cancer.
- Advanced tumors evade immune control, becoming poorly immunogenic.
- Immunotherapy aims to restore the immune system's ability to attack cancer cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diverse and innovative immunotherapy approaches for cancer treatment.
- To highlight advancements in cancer immunotherapy over the past 20 years.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on various immunotherapy strategies.
- Discussion of cytokine-based therapies.
- Analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives.
- Examination of cancer vaccines.
- Exploration of cell-based immunotherapy approaches.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapy has achieved significant successes in cancer treatment.
- Diverse strategies exist to activate anti-cancer immunity.
- Key approaches include cytokine therapy, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and cell-based therapies.
Conclusions:
- Cancer immunotherapy offers multiple innovative strategies to combat tumors.
- These approaches have demonstrated remarkable success in the fight against cancer.
- Continued research in immunotherapy holds promise for permanent cancer eradication.
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