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Updated: Apr 9, 2026
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Maya paleodemographics: what do we know?
Patricia Olga Hernández Espinoza1, Lourdes Márquez Morfín2
1Centro INAH Sonora, Sección de Antropología, Edificio Antigua Penitenciaría, Jesús García final, Colonia La Matanza, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, CP 83080.
Summary
Paleodemographic analysis reveals significant population dynamics shifts in Maya settlements. Classic Maya populations experienced high birth rates and moderate life expectancy, while Post-Classic Maya populations faced increased mobility and declining health conditions.
Area of Science:
- Paleodemography
- Maya Archaeology
- Population Dynamics
Background:
- Review of paleodemographic data from Classic and Post-Classic Maya settlements in the Yucatan Peninsula.
- Includes coastal sites (Jaina, Chac Mool, El Meco, Xcambó) and urban centers (Palenque, Copan).
Observation:
- Classic period: High birth rates (avg. 6 children/woman), life expectancy 20-42.2 years.
- Post-Classic period: High population mobility, decreased fertility, and lower life expectancy.
- Evidence of health deterioration and reduced life expectancy/fertility in Chac Mool series.
Findings:
- Demographic change indicated between Late-Terminal Classic and Post-Classic periods.
- Post-Classic characterized by population rearrangement and mobility.
- El Meco and Xcambó showed higher growth rates compared to Chac Mool.
Implications:
- Understanding Maya population resilience and adaptation strategies.
- Insights into societal changes and environmental pressures on ancient populations.
- Contribution to the study of ancient demography and settlement patterns in Mesoamerica.
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