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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

$In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries$

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

BATTERIES. Topological defect dynamics in operando battery nanoparticles.

A Ulvestad¹, A Singer¹, J N Clark²

¹Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 20, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Defect engineering in nanomaterials is advanced by imaging dislocation dynamics in battery nanoparticles during operation. This technique reveals how defects influence material properties and phase transformations for better battery design.

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Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography

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Published on: August 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Solid-state Chemistry

Background:

Topological defects significantly influence nanomaterial properties, offering potential for "defect engineering."
Current limitations in imaging defects within working devices hinder nanoscale resolution.
Understanding defect behavior is crucial for optimizing nanostructured materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a method for three-dimensional imaging of dislocation dynamics in operando battery nanoparticles.
To investigate the role of dislocations in structural phase transformations and local elastic properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized Bragg coherent diffractive imaging for three-dimensional imaging of individual battery cathode nanoparticles.
Performed operando measurements under charge transport conditions.

Main Results:

Observed dislocations are static at room temperature but mobile during charge transport.
Demonstrated inhomogeneous nucleation and spreading of the lithium-rich phase near dislocations during structural phase transformation.
Identified a region with a negative Poisson's ratio at high voltage, probed by the dislocation field.

Conclusions:

Operando dislocation imaging provides unprecedented insight into defect behavior in working nanostructured materials.
This technique facilitates the rational design and improvement of battery materials by understanding defect-property relationships.