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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Towards multi-order hard X-ray imaging with multilayer zone plates.

Markus Osterhoff1, Christian Eberl2, Florian Döring2

  • 1Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|June 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved 10nm resolution holographic imaging using a hard X-ray multilayer zone plate (MZP). This technique bypasses the need for an order-sorting aperture (OSA) by using a software emulation for advanced X-ray microscopy.

Keywords:
X-ray imagingmultilayer zone plates

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • X-ray Physics

Background:

  • Hard X-ray microscopy enables nanoscale imaging of materials.
  • Multilayer zone plates (MZPs) are crucial for focusing hard X-rays.
  • Traditional scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is limited by focal plane constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate holographic imaging with high resolution using a hard X-ray MZP.
  • To generalize STXM to the holographic regime.
  • To evaluate the performance of an MZP without an order-sorting aperture (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • Holographic imaging experiments were conducted using a hard X-ray MZP with a 10 nm outermost zone width.
  • An order-sorting aperture (OSA) was omitted and emulated computationally ('software OSA').
  • A three-plane phase-retrieval algorithm was employed to characterize the MZP focus.

Main Results:

  • The multilayer zone plate (MZP) achieved a focal spot with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 10 nm.
  • Holographic imaging was successfully performed, generalizing scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM).
  • The 'software OSA' effectively emulated the function of a physical OSA in data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • High-resolution holographic imaging (10 nm FWHM) is feasible with hard X-ray MZPs.
  • The omission of a physical OSA is possible through computational emulation, simplifying experimental setups.
  • This generalized holographic approach advances nanoscale imaging capabilities in X-ray microscopy.