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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles01:25

Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles

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Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Parasympathetic Division of the ANS01:08

Parasympathetic Division of the ANS

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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates rest and digestion functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, promoting relaxation, conservation of energy, and digestion. The parasympathetic division consists of preganglionic fibers originating from specific cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4). These fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia, innervating various organs and...
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination01:26

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination

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The gastrointestinal elimination process involves a complex interplay of neural and hormonal mechanisms that coordinate the final waste removal from the body. This intricate operation encompasses the absorption of water and electrolytes, vital for transforming the remaining indigestible food matter into feces. The large intestine is pivotal in water and electrolyte absorption, forming feces from unabsorbed minerals, undigested food, bacteria, bile pigments, and shed epithelial cells. Essential...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[Paradoxical sphincters and cardinal continence function of the gastric fundus].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2017
Same author

[Surgery without anatomy?].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2016
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Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack. Forgotten heroes of nuclear medicine.

Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine·2015
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[Stretch sphincter of the esophagus : Paradoxical sphincter with angiomyoelastic architecture].

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen·2014
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[Comment to following article: Incisional hernias after median laparotomy. A concept for anatomic reconstruction of the abdominal wall by A. Wenger, B. Del Frari, H. Piza-Katzer, Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2013; 45: 51-58].

Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V...·2013
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

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[Paradoxical sphincters in the abdomen].

F Stelzner1

  • 1Chirurg. Univ.-Klinik Bonn, Zentrum für Chirurgie, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn-Venusberg, Deutschland, stel33345@aol.com.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|June 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in smooth muscle relaxation in various human body parts. This study highlights NO

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neurotransmission
  • Smooth Muscle Biology

Context:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter, regulating smooth muscle tension.
  • NO is vital for proper smooth muscle function in specific anatomical locations.
  • Previous work established NO's role in esophageal sphincter mechanisms.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of nitric oxide-producing cells in various sphincter structures.
  • To confirm the stretch sphincter mechanism of the lower esophageal sphincter.
  • To investigate functional disturbances in the lower esophageal sphincter.

Summary:

  • Nitric oxide-producing cells are found in the gastric fundus, anorectal, vesicourethral tract, and uterine cervix.
  • These cells function within anatomical sphincter structures exhibiting paradoxical roles.

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Last Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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  • High-resolution esophageal manometry can detect functional disturbances related to gastric plication.

    • Impact:

    • Confirms the importance of the stretch sphincter mechanism in the lower esophageal sphincter.
    • Provides insights into the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
    • Demonstrates the utility of esophageal manometry in identifying sphincter dysfunction.