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Vitamin D and cognitive function: The Tromsø Study.

Rolf Jorde1, Ellisiv Bøgeberg Mathiesen2, Sigbjørn Rogne3

  • 1Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway; The School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D may support cognitive function, particularly in older adults. Higher vitamin D levels correlated with better cognitive test results, though more research is needed to confirm causality.

Keywords:
CognitionMendelian randomizationPolymorphismsProspective studyVitamin DVitamin D receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging evidence suggests vitamin D's role beyond skeletal health, potentially influencing cognitive function.
  • The Tromsø Study investigated the association between vitamin D and cognition in a large Norwegian cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and various cognitive functions.
  • To explore this association across different age groups and using multiple study designs.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 4624 participants measuring 25(OH)D and cognitive tests (word recall, digit-symbol coding, finger tapping, MMSE).
  • Prospective analysis of 3436 participants (2001) and 2044 participants (2007) with baseline 25(OH)D from 1994.
  • Mendelian randomization study in 5980 participants evaluating vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cognition.

Main Results:

  • Positive associations between 25(OH)D and cognitive performance were observed in the cross-sectional study, particularly in individuals over 65.
  • After adjustments, only finger tapping remained significantly associated with 25(OH)D levels.
  • Prospective analysis indicated that 1994 25(OH)D levels predicted cognitive function 7-13 years later.
  • One VDR gene SNP (Apal, rs7975232) showed a significant association with word recall and digit-symbol coding in the Mendelian randomization study.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between serum 25(OH)D levels and cognitive function.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish a causal link between vitamin D and cognition.