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Total Energy Expenditure of Infants with Congenital Heart Disease Who Have Undergone Surgical Intervention

Jillian C Trabulsi1, S Y Irving2,3, M A Papas4

  • 1Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition (JT, MAP, CH), University of Delaware, McDowell Hall, 25 North College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. trabulsi@udel.edu.

Pediatric Cardiology
|June 21, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and early surgery do not have higher total energy expenditure (TEE) than healthy infants. The 2002 Dietary Reference Intake equation is recommended for estimating TEE in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) often experience growth failure.
  • The cause of growth failure in infants with CHD, specifically increased total energy expenditure (TEE), remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether infants with CHD and early surgical intervention exhibit increased TEE compared to healthy infants.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of different equations for calculating TEE in infants with CHD.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study comparing infants with CHD (n=15 at 3 months, n=11 at 12 months) who underwent surgery within 30 days of life to age-matched healthy infants (n=12 at 3 months, n=12 at 12 months).
  • Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water method.
  • Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between health status (CHD vs. healthy) and TEE.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in TEE was found between infants with CHD and healthy infants at 3 and 12 months of age.
  • TEE in CHD infants was slightly higher (36.4 kcal/day at 3 months, 31.7 kcal/day at 12 months), but these differences were not statistically significant.
  • The 2002 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) equation showed the smallest overestimation of measured TEE compared to other tested equations, making it a suitable starting point for clinical estimations.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with CHD who undergo surgical intervention within the first month of life do not have significantly different TEE compared to healthy infants during the first year.
  • The 2002 DRI equation is recommended as a practical tool for estimating initial energy intake goals in infants with CHD requiring surgical intervention.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseEstimating energy needsPostsurgical interventionTotal energy expenditure

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