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Related Concept Videos

Family Therapy01:30

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Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
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Multisystemic Therapy for Externalizing Youth.

Kristyn Zajac1, Jeff Randall1, Cynthia Cupit Swenson1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Family Services Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 176 Croghan Spur Road, Suite 104, Charleston, SC 29407, USA.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|June 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Multisystemic therapy (MST) is an evidence-based treatment for youth with serious externalizing problems. MST addresses multiple risk factors to prevent out-of-home placement and treat conduct issues.

Keywords:
Externalizing problemsJuvenile offendersMultisystemic therapyPhysical abuse and neglectSubstance abuse

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychology
  • Behavioral Therapy
  • Family Systems Therapy

Background:

  • Externalizing problems in youth stem from complex individual, family, peer, school, and community factors.
  • Multisystemic therapy (MST) was developed to address these determinants in high-risk youth.
  • MST aims to prevent out-of-home placement for adolescents with severe conduct issues.

Observation:

  • Decades of research support MST as an effective intervention.
  • MST is proven for serious offending, delinquency, and substance abuse.
  • Adaptations of MST target child abuse and neglect effectively.

Findings:

  • MST demonstrates robust efficacy across various externalizing disorders.
  • The therapy integrates multiple systems influencing adolescent behavior.
  • Evidence supports MST for serious clinical problems in adolescents.

Implications:

  • MST offers a viable, evidence-based alternative to out-of-home placement.
  • The adaptable nature of MST allows for targeted interventions in specific populations.
  • Findings support the widespread implementation of MST for at-risk youth.