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Related Experiment Videos

Factor analysis of a sleep evaluation questionnaire.

A C Parrott, I Hindmarch

    Psychological Medicine
    |May 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) assesses sleep and morning behavior. It found distinct factors for sleep quality and awakening, with sleep factors correlating positively and being separate from waking factors.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Sleep Science
    • Psychometrics

    Background:

    • Assessing sleep quality and early morning behavior is crucial for understanding sleep disorders and the efficacy of treatments.
    • Existing methods may not comprehensively capture the nuances of the sleep-wake cycle.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a self-completion sleep evaluation questionnaire (SEQ) to measure different aspects of sleep and early morning behavior.
    • To investigate the factor structure and interrelationships of these measured aspects.

    Main Methods:

    • A 10 cm line analogue rating scale questionnaire (SEQ) with 10 questions was developed.
    • The SEQ was administered to 501 participants during studies on hypnotic drugs.
    • Classical factor analysis was employed to analyze the data.

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    Main Results:

    • Factor analysis identified four distinct factors corresponding to ease of getting to sleep (GTS), perceived quality of sleep (QOS), ease of awakening (AFS), and early morning behavior (BFW).
    • Positive correlations were observed between GTS and QOS (+0.57), and between AFS and BFW (+0.48).
    • Sleep state factors (GTS, QOS) were found to be orthogonal to waking state factors (AFS, BFW).

    Conclusions:

    • The SEQ effectively measures distinct dimensions of sleep and early morning behavior.
    • The findings support a two-factor model of sleep (GTS, QOS) and a two-factor model of waking (AFS, BFW), with sleep and waking states being independent.
    • The SEQ is a valuable tool for research, particularly in evaluating hypnotic drug effectiveness.