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Related Experiment Videos

Estimating Time Since Death from Postmortem Human Gut Microbial Communities.

Kathleen A Hauther1, Kelly L Cobaugh2, Lee Meadows Jantz1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, 250 South Stadium Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, 37996.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|June 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study found that the abundance of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus bacteria in the human gut decreases predictably after death. This bacterial decline can serve as a reliable forensic tool for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI).

Keywords:
forensic anthropologyforensic sciencegut bacteriahuman microbiomemicrobial ecologypostmortem intervalquantitative polymerase chain reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Microbiology
  • Postmortem Analysis

Background:

  • The human microbiome, particularly gut bacteria, is being explored for forensic applications.
  • Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify time-dependent changes in human gut bacterial populations after death.
  • To evaluate the potential of specific bacterial genera as indicators for PMI estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Repeated sampling of gut microflora from the proximal large intestine of 12 deceased individuals.
  • Quantification of three intestinal bacterial genera (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) using quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting 16S rRNA genes.
  • Analysis of bacterial relative abundances in relation to cumulative degree hours (time).

Main Results:

  • Relative abundances of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus declined exponentially with increasing PMI.
  • Bacteroides abundance followed Nt=0.977e(-0.0144t) (r²=0.537, p<0.001).
  • Lactobacillus abundance followed Nt=0.019e(-0.0087t) (r²=0.396, p<0.001).
  • Bifidobacterium relative abundances showed no significant change over time (Nt=0.003e(-0.002t), r²=0.033, p=0.284).

Conclusions:

  • Bacteroides and Lactobacillus abundances serve as reliable quantitative indicators for estimating the postmortem interval.
  • These bacterial genera show predictable, time-dependent changes in the gut postmortem.