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Related Concept Videos

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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The EDTA titration types for metal ion analysis include direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration.
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Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

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Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free...
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Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Digital Printing of Titanium Dioxide for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
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Realizing chemical codoping in TiO2.

Fang Wang1, Yi-Yang Sun, John B Hatch

  • 1School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

We developed a chemical codoping method to narrow the band gap of titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors. This sequential nitrogen-phosphorus doping approach reduces the band gap from 3.2 eV to 1.8 eV, enhancing electronic and optoelectronic device performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Semiconductor Physics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely studied semiconductor with a large band gap (3.2 eV), limiting its applications in visible light optoelectronics.
  • Controlling band edge positions and narrowing the band gap are crucial for enhancing TiO2's photocatalytic and electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel chemical codoping strategy for simultaneously narrowing the band gap and tuning band edge positions of TiO2.
  • To investigate the effect of sequential doping (nitrogen followed by phosphorus) on the incorporation and bonding of dopants in TiO2.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration of a sequential codoping technique using nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).
  • Utilized various characterization techniques to confirm the formation of N-P bonds within the TiO2 lattice.
  • Measured the band gap of the codoped TiO2 using spectroscopic methods.

Main Results:

  • Successfully incorporated both N and P into the anion sites of TiO2 through a sequential doping process.
  • Confirmed the formation of N-P bonds, indicating successful chemical codoping.
  • Reduced the band gap of TiO2 from 3.2 eV to 1.8 eV due to the chemical codoping effect.

Conclusions:

  • The sequential N-P codoping approach is effective in narrowing the band gap of TiO2.
  • This method offers a pathway to control semiconductor properties for improved electronic and optoelectronic devices.
  • Chemical codoping represents a significant advancement for materials science and device engineering.