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Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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NREM Sleep
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Type 1 narcolepsy: a CD8(+) T cell-mediated disease?

Matilda Degn1, Birgitte Rahbek Kornum1,2

  • 1Department of Diagnostics, Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Type 1 narcolepsy involves hypocretin neuron loss, potentially due to an autoimmune attack. This review explores CD8(+) T cell involvement in neuronal damage, suggesting a mechanism for this sleep disorder.

Keywords:
CD8 T cellautoimmunitybrainnarcolepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Type 1 narcolepsy is a neurological disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.
  • The condition stems from the loss of hypocretinergic neurons in the brain.
  • Evidence suggests an autoimmune etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on CD8(+) T cell-mediated neuronal damage in autoimmune disorders.
  • To explore the potential role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of Type 1 narcolepsy.
  • To identify mechanisms of T cell-mediated neurodegeneration relevant to narcolepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autoimmune disorders targeting neurons.
  • Analysis of experimental studies on CD8(+) T cell functions.
  • Examination of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation pathways.

Main Results:

  • CD8(+) T cells are implicated in neuronal damage in various autoimmune conditions.
  • MHC-I presentation of autoantigens on neurons is a potential disease mechanism.
  • Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells targeting hypocretinergic neurons are proposed as a central pathogenic element.

Conclusions:

  • CD8(+) T cell-mediated pathogenesis is a plausible mechanism for Type 1 narcolepsy.
  • Understanding T cell-neuron interactions is crucial for narcolepsy research.
  • Further investigation into autoimmune T cell responses could reveal therapeutic targets.