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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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CT Metal Artifact Reduction in the Spine: Can an Iterative Reconstruction Technique Improve Visualization?

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[In situ IR study of the reaction behavior of clusters [VnCr3-n (mu 3-O) (mu-O2CCH3)6(THF)3]X[n = 0-3, X = Cl-, ClO4-, (VO5)0.5-] and [VnFe3-n(mu 3-O) (mu-O2CCH3)6(THF)3]X(n = 0-3, X = Cl-) in nitrogen atmosphere].

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Initial results from a prototype whole-body photon-counting computed tomography system.

Z Yu1, S Leng1, S M Jorgensen2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|June 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Photon-counting detector computed tomography (CT) shows promise for medical imaging. This new system effectively manages high photon flux, offering comparable image quality to conventional methods and paving the way for clinical applications.

Keywords:
Photon-Counting CTResearch PrototypeSystem Evaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Imaging
  • Photon-Counting Detector Technology

Background:

  • Energy-discriminating X-ray computed tomography (CT) offers potential for improved dose efficiency and material decomposition.
  • Clinical application of photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) has been limited by detector response issues at high photon flux.
  • A novel research prototype CT system with both energy-integrating detector (EID) and PCD subsystems was recently developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a third-party evaluation of a novel research prototype CT system incorporating a PCD.
  • To assess the performance of the PCD subsystem in terms of spatial resolution, artifacts, and pulse pileup control.
  • To compare the image quality and dose performance of the PCD subsystem against a conventional EID subsystem.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of a dual-source, dual-detector CT prototype system with both EID and PCD subsystems.
  • Phantom studies to assess longitudinal spatial resolution, beam hardening artifacts, and pulse pileup.
  • Imaging of an anthropomorphic phantom and a cadaver head to evaluate clinical image quality at equivalent dose levels.

Main Results:

  • PCD subsystem demonstrated improved longitudinal spatial resolution and reduced beam hardening artifacts compared to the EID subsystem.
  • The PCD subsystem exhibited excellent pulse pileup control at high photon flux (up to 550 mA at 140 kV).
  • Image quality from the PCD subsystem was comparable to the EID subsystem in anthropomorphic and cadaver head imaging at the same dose.

Conclusions:

  • The evaluated prototype CT system shows significant potential for clinical translation.
  • The PCD subsystem effectively overcomes previous limitations related to high photon flux, enabling robust imaging.
  • Results suggest the prototype system can produce clinically acceptable images in vivo, advancing PCD-CT applications.