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Gliosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study.

J W Grant1, P V Steart, A Aguzzi

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Universitäts-Krankenhaus, Zürich, Switzerland.

Acta Neuropathologica
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Gliosarcomas, tumors with neuro-ectodermal and mesenchymal parts, likely originate from fibroblasts or mesenchymal cells. Immunohistochemistry reveals distinct glial and sarcoma components, supporting a fibroblast origin for the sarcomatous element.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • Gliosarcomas are rare brain tumors with both glial and mesenchymal components.
  • The histogenesis of the sarcomatous element in gliosarcomas remains a subject of debate.
  • Previous studies suggested various origins, including endothelial, adventitial fibroblasts, or histiocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of the sarcomatous component in gliosarcomas.
  • To utilize a panel of antibodies for immunohistochemical analysis.
  • To compare the immunohistochemical profile with known cellular origins.

Main Methods:

  • Examined eight gliosarcomas using ten monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
  • Assessed expression of glial fibrillary acid protein, factor 8-related antigen, Ulex europeus agglutinin, vimentin, fibronectin, desmin, neurofilament protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-chymotrypsin, and MAC 387.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed the immunohistochemical staining patterns in both gliomatous and sarcomatous areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Glial fibrillary acid protein expression was confined to the gliomatous component.
    • Factor 8-related antigen and Ulex europeus agglutinin stained only vascular endothelium, not tumor cells.
    • Vimentin and fibronectin were extensively expressed in sarcomatous areas.
    • Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-chymotrypsin were expressed in many sarcoma cells, with some co-expressing the monocyte/macrophage marker MAC 387.
    • A storiform pattern was observed in four cases.

    Conclusions:

    • The immunohistochemical findings suggest that the sarcomatous component of gliosarcomas originates from fibroblasts or pluripotent mesenchymal cells.
    • The results support analogies with fibrous histiocytomas, which are thought to arise from fibroblasts or perivascular adventitial cells.
    • The distinct expression patterns differentiate the glial and sarcomatous elements, clarifying histogenesis.