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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

46
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
46
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
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Hepatitis: After HCV cure, HBV cure?

Julie Lucifora1, Christian Trepo1

  • 1INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Current treatments control chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but do not cure it. New research shows cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) block infected cell death, suggesting cIAP antagonists could offer an HBV cure.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Current therapies for chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection effectively manage viral load but do not achieve complete elimination or cure.
  • The mechanisms preventing the clearance of HBV-infected hepatocytes remain incompletely understood, hindering the development of curative strategies.

Discussion:

  • Ebert and colleagues identified cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) as key regulators that prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated apoptosis in HBV-infected liver cells (hepatocytes).
  • Overcoming cIAP-mediated resistance to TNF signaling is crucial for eliminating infected cells.
  • The study highlights the potential of targeting cIAPs to enhance the efficacy of antiviral treatments.

Key Insights:

  • Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) actively protect HBV-infected hepatocytes from TNF-induced cell death.

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  • Inhibition of cIAPs can restore the susceptibility of infected hepatocytes to TNF-mediated killing.
  • This cIAP-antagonist approach presents a novel therapeutic strategy for achieving an HBV cure.

    • Outlook:

    • Development of cIAP antagonists could represent a promising new avenue for a functional cure of chronic HBV infection.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the clinical translation of cIAP antagonists in combination with existing therapies.
    • Investigating the long-term safety and efficacy of cIAP-targeted therapies is essential for future clinical application.