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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing.

Erin D Bigler1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, 1001 Kimball Tower, Provo, UT, 84602, USA. erin_bigler@byu.edu.

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Summary

Neuropsychological assessment validity testing (SVT/PVT) failures may stem from brain damage, not malingering. Neuroimaging can help interpret these failures, suggesting flexible validity testing standards.

Keywords:
Cognitive neuroscience of effortEffortNeuroimagingPerformance validity testingSymptom validity testing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • High rates of failure on symptom validity testing (SVT) and performance validity testing (PVT) are observed in neuropsychological evaluations.
  • These failures are typically interpreted as indicators of invalid test findings or malingering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of neuroimaging in understanding failures on SVT/PVT measures.
  • To propose that neurological damage, rather than malingering, may explain poor performance on these tests.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SVT/PVT and neuroimaging.
  • Analysis of the cognitive networks required for SVT/PVT tasks.
  • Presentation of case studies illustrating the interplay between neuroimaging findings and SVT/PVT performance.

Main Results:

  • SVT/PVT tasks require intact frontoparietal attention, working memory, and motivation networks.
  • Damage or pathology within these networks, as shown by neuroimaging, can lead to below-cut-off scores.
  • Case studies demonstrate instances where neuroimaging findings provide alternative explanations for SVT/PVT failures.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging findings should be integrated into the interpretation of SVT/PVT results.
  • Greater flexibility in establishing SVT/PVT cut-points is needed, considering individual neuroimaging and demographic data.
  • This approach may lead to more accurate assessments of cognitive functioning and validity.